Individual Interpretation Research Articles

The influence of ChatGPT on digital learning: experience among university students

Purpose This study aims to investigate the influence of ChatGPT, an AI-based chatbot, on the digital learning experience of students at Mzumbe University. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a qualitative research design to gather in-depth insights from participants. Semi-structured interviews and an analysis of previous chat content were used as primary sources of data. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data, allowing for the exploration of participants’ perspectives, experiences and opinions regarding the integration of ChatGPT into the learning process. Findings The results of the study demonstrated that ChatGPT is widely used in educational contexts and has a positive influence on students’ study habits, academic performance, and understanding of course material. Students appreciated the system’s simplicity, tailored instructions, and the promptness and accuracy of the responses. Despite the possibility of isolated mistakes. Research limitations/implications It is important to recognize the limitations of this study. First, the sample size was small, limiting the broad application of the results. Second, this study’s narrow emphasis on students at Mzumbe University limits its applicability in other situations. Furthermore, depending on self-reported experiences, biases, such as individual interpretation or recollection bias, can occur. Practical implications Educators can maximize ChatGPT in the classroom by using study insights. Its advantages, such as effectiveness and enhanced performance, highlight the possibility for student-centered learning. Practitioners are guided by their awareness of problems, such as probable errors. Constant updates guarantee ChatGPT’s applicability and provide educators with useful advice. Social implications Peer impact is highlighted in this study concerning social factors on the adoption of AI in education. Resolving issues preserves public confidence. Views influence public opinion and direct policymakers in discussions about safe AI use. It influences public attitudes while navigating the ethical integration of AI. Originality/value This study offers insightful information about the impact of ChatGPT on digital learning in Tanzania’s higher education. It makes innovative research contributions that enhance educational practices and emphasizes the advantages, difficulties and demands of responsible usage in the context of AI-based chatbots.

SCRIPTS OF A COMPLEX AFFECTIVE FUNCTIONS REGULATION

The current study presents preliminary results from an extensive study called "Potential to be well", conducted with different quotas taking in account gender, people with or without psy­chiatric diagnosis and cohorts of different ages. The aim of the re­search is to test some scales for self-assessment developed by positive psychology, implementing the multi-method ap­proach, but also to analyze the data for existing patterns’ differences in complex affective func­tions and dysfunctions. The “resilience”, “subjective life-satisfaction”, “emotional expressive­ness”, “expressive ambivalence”, “suppression or reappraisal in emotion regulation” invento­ries are reliable and valid measures, which reflect complex subjective functions from the emo­tional sphere. It is noted that these indices follow a bi-directional logic – some patterns express negative trends in experiences, and others reflect a positive psychological transformation of primary functions helping to overcome emotional difficulties and turning adversity into ad­vantage. It was also found that three scripts of complex mediatory sequential models are demonstrated, which combined, predict how two intuitive routes sustain and effect deterioration or improvement in the context of an individual case interpretation.

Vision-language foundation model for echocardiogram interpretation.

The development of robust artificial intelligence models for echocardiography has been limited by the availability of annotated clinical data. Here, to address this challenge and improve the performance of cardiac imaging models, we developed EchoCLIP, a vision-language foundation model for echocardiography, that learns the relationship between cardiac ultrasound images and the interpretations of expert cardiologists across a wide range of patients and indications for imaging. After training on 1,032,975 cardiac ultrasound videos and corresponding expert text, EchoCLIP performs well on a diverse range of benchmarks for cardiac image interpretation, despite not having been explicitly trained for individual interpretation tasks. EchoCLIP can assess cardiac function (mean absolute error of 7.1% when predicting left ventricular ejection fraction in an external validation dataset) and identify implanted intracardiac devices (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84, 0.92 and 0.97 for pacemakers, percutaneous mitral valve repair and artificial aortic valves, respectively). We also developed a long-context variant (EchoCLIP-R) using a custom tokenizer based on common echocardiography concepts. EchoCLIP-R accurately identified unique patients across multiple videos (AUC of 0.86), identified clinical transitions such as heart transplants (AUC of 0.79) and cardiac surgery (AUC 0.77) and enabled robust image-to-text search (mean cross-modal retrieval rank in the top 1% of candidate text reports). These capabilities represent a substantial step toward understanding and applying foundation models in cardiovascular imaging for preliminary interpretation of echocardiographic findings.

Reproducing RECIST lesion selection via machine learning: Insights into intra and inter-radiologist variation

BackgroundThe Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) aims to provide a standardized approach to assess treatment response in solid tumors. However, discrepancies in the selection of measurable and target lesions among radiologists using these criteria pose a significant limitation to their reproducibility and accuracy. This study aimed to understand the factors contributing to this variability. MethodsMachine learning models were used to replicate, in parallel, the selection process of measurable and target lesions by two radiologists in a cohort of 40 patients from an internal pan-cancer dataset. The models were trained on lesion characteristics such as size, shape, texture, rank, and proximity to other lesions. Ablation experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of lesion diameter, volume, and rank on the selection process. ResultsThe models successfully reproduced the selection of measurable lesions, relying primarily on size-related features. Similarly, the models reproduced target lesion selection, relying mostly on lesion rank. Beyond these features, the importance placed by different radiologists on different visual characteristics can vary, specifically when choosing target lesions. Worth noting that substantial variability was still observed between radiologists in both measurable and target lesion selection. ConclusionsDespite the successful replication of lesion selection, our results still revealed significant inter-radiologist disagreement. This underscores the necessity for more precise guidelines to standardize lesion selection processes and minimize reliance on individual interpretation and experience as a means to bridge existing ambiguities.

Are we on the same page? Individual interpretations of missions within human service nonprofits

AbstractWithout unique missions to serve a public purpose, nonprofits have no justification to exist. Much of the focus on mission in scholarship centers on concerns with mission drift and pressures from external actors. Yet internal dynamics may be just as important in developing a common mission and the coherent activities pursuing it. This research identifies the structural forces shaping organizational members' individual mission conceptions and leading them to emulate and converge around a shared dominant conception. We apply the concept of institutional isomorphism to 104 interviews conducted with staff, managers, board members, and volunteers from 14 human services nonprofits and explain the isomorphic pathways of individuals adopting dominant mission conceptions. Employing qualitative comparative analysis, we analyze the interviews capturing various combinations of individual backgrounds, motivations for joining the organization, and language used to share the mission with others. We find the presence of seven isomorphic pathways leading nonprofit professionals to adopt the dominant interpretations.

Harmonizing Perceptions: Exploring Alignment of Numerical and Textual Evaluation Through Fine-Grained Sentiment Analysis

The assessment of faculty teaching effectiveness plays a pivotal role in shaping educational practices and ensuring academic excellence. While numerical evaluations provide quantifiable measures of teaching effectiveness, textual comments offer valuable qualitative insights into the faculty's instructional methods and interactions. However, discrepancies between these evaluation formats may hinder the accurate assessment of faculty performance. This study aims to determine the alignment between the numerical and textual evaluations of faculty teaching effectiveness using fine-grained sentiment analysis and determine the relationship between numerical ratings and textual comments to identify patterns of consistency or divergence. A large dataset of anonymized BSCS students’ feedback is analyzed through sentiment analysis to extract sentiments expressed in the textual comments. The study results reveal a misalignment between students’ subjective perceptions expressed in the textual comments and the numerical ratings. This misalignment arises due to several factors, such as student communication style variations, individual interpretations of rating scales, or subjective biases. This study advances faculty evaluation methodologies and offers useful recommendations for organizations looking to improve assessment procedures as well as educational institutions that want to improve the precision and efficacy of their faculty evaluation systems for better faculty development and decision-making.   

The Jinn – The Culprit of the Arabic World

The article attempts to ponder on the prevalent religious beliefs, urban (vernacular) legends, everyday customs and traditions related to the figure of the jinn and its origins. The study will discuss the mentioned from the point of view of official Sunni Islam, in order to better unweave the disposition Islam towards superstitions and vernacular beliefs.  The aim of study is to provide the generic Islamic concept about the jinn and to place it into a context within the framework of individual interpretations of the interview subjects who reside in Kuwait, are Sunni Muslims, men, and women, between the age of 18-65. The applied resources were the Holy Quran, websites marked authentic for Quran interpretations, and contemporary and past literature written on the subject. Further, several interviews with the local Arabic community, blogs, articles of urban legends, and Ruqyah are the backbones of the present paper.

Synergity of Regional Government Policies for Poverty Alleviation in North Sulawesi Province Through Environmental Management Social Politics Local Wisdom Election Of “Hukum Tua”: A Case Study of Election of “Hukum Tua” In Kanonang Tiga Village, Minahasa

Purpose: 1) Identification and empirical analysis of factual knowledge regarding the behavior of socio-political elites as determinants of policies for welfare in the context of poverty alleviation in the Kanang village community of three Minahasa Regency, 2) Finding a form of selecting the social political elite "Hukum Tua" in Kanonang Tiga village which prioritizes the strength of local wisdom from all levels of society and the role of the social political elite in the people of Kanonang Tiga village, Minahasa Regency through the election of "Hukum Tua" which will later become the determinant of community decision making.
  
 Method: Qualitative research uses exploratory methods. Purposive sampling, open data collection, text or image analysis, presentation of information in figures and tables, and individual interpretation of results, provision of information. The data obtained from the sources was collected using a more natural method, namely by conducting interviews and direct observation of the socio-political elites involved in the "Hukum Tua" election in Kanonang Tiga Village. This research can provide factual knowledge and an overview of the role of social and political elites in the social strata of society who can interact and communicate in the "Hukum Tua Election" process . The research sample in Kanonang Tiga Village represents the research area in a sample of villages and environments in the province of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. research material in the form of a vision and mission program from "Hukum Tua" candidates.
  
 Results and conclusion: Local wisdom management in the selection of social political elites in Kanonang Tiga village based on Putnam's theory concludes that social political elite groups are homogeneous, very influential, have family or sibling relationships, even though the social political elites have different views. The determination of the victory of the "Hukum Tua" in Kanonang Tiga village is largely determined by social leaders, religious leaders, educational leaders, political party figures in the management of the Kanonang Tiga village area, Minahasa Regency. The influence and power possessed by the social and political elites in Kanonang Tiga village determine the decisions and actions taken by the elites. The social and political elite determines victory and can make important decisions to determine the direction of policy, strategy and political action in accordance with their interests. Although this can result in abuse of power and decision making that may not always benefit society as a whole.
  
 Research implications: The social and political elites in Kanonang Tiga village come from limited layers, efforts need to be made to diversify their membership. The involvement of traditional leaders, women's leaders and youth leaders needs to be strengthened in the village head election process to create representation that is more inclusive and reflects the various aspects of Kanonang Tiga Village society. They can bring different perspectives and ensure that the policies produced reflect the needs of the entire Kanonang Tiga Village community.
  
 Originality/value: Social and political elite management really determines the policies made in the management of local wisdom of the community in North Sulawesi, especially the study area in Kanang III Village, Minahasa Regency. The poverty alleviation program in every village spread across the North Sulawesi Province is largely determined by the choice of 'Hukum Tua'. "Hukum Tua Elected " which is supported by the majority of social layers of society, is expected to be able to make social decisions in society, including policies to suppress land conversion, policies for planting local cultivated plants, preserving biodiversity, ecological and economic balance in Kanonang Tiga village which is supported by regulations and village regulations. The program for "Hukum Tua" candidates offers poverty alleviation programs, biodiversity conservation, strategic commodities, land conversion restriction programs, agricultural land cultivation, farmer insurance, village regulations, and village-owned enterprises in Kanonang Tiga Village, Minahasa Regency.

What is the place of interpretation in text analysis? An example using ALCESTE® software

ABSTRACT Statistical text analyses appear at the borderline of quantitative and qualitative research, raising epistemological questions in the field. This paper focuses on a specific method of text analysis: the Reinert method. It aims to address the role of interpretation and subjectivity in the construction of the results using this kind of analysis. To this end, this manuscript presents a dual interpretation of a same corpus and software outputs highlighting the convergences and divergences in both researchers’ interpretations. It discusses how the use of statistics on qualitative data may provide a false sense of objectivity and sweep the questions of interpretation and epistemology away. Finally, it offers clear guidelines regarding individual and dual interpretation to those who wish to start using the Reinert method. We argue that this type of analysis is adaptable and can be applied across a variety of epistemological stances and research questions.

Gender of the Firm Owner and Export Determinants of the Firms in India: an Empirical Analysis

"This study aims to analyse the factors that influence the export decision of firms in India. These factors are unorthodox to the macroeconomic variables, for example, specific firm characteristics and resource stock variables that an enterprise in India may or may not have command over. The most significant of the firm characteristic variables is the gender of the firm owner. Given the binary identity of the explained variable (Export Status of a Firm), the paper uses Binary Logistic Regression. It reports the odds ratio for the individual variable interpretation. The study has also examined descriptive findings and model fit using the Hosmer. The study ceases a statistically significant relationship between the gender of the firm owner and the export decision of a firm. The odds of the firm being an exporter increases when the firm owner is a female. Further, the study also interprets several firm characteristics and resource stock variables that had an impact on the export decision of a firm in India."

AI recommendations’ impact on individual and social practices of Generation Z on social media: a comparative analysis between Estonia, Italy, and the Netherlands

Abstract Social media (SM) influence young adults’ communication practices. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used for making recommendations on SM. Yet, its effects on different generations of SM users are unknown. SM can use AI recommendations to sort texts and prioritize them, shaping users’ online and offline experiences. Current literature primarily addresses technological or human-user perspectives, overlooking cognitive perspectives. This research aims to propose methods for mapping users’ interactions with AI recommendations (AiRS) and analyzes how embodied interactions mediated by a digital agent can lead to changes in social and cultural practices. For this, this work proposes a comparative analysis of central practices evoked by AI recommendations-mediated communication on SM among users in Italy, Estonia, and the Netherlands in the age category 18–26 years old. The data used in the comparative analysis was collected via semi-structured interviews and elaborated based on cognitive psychology and semiotics. This research highlights the contextual significance of AI recommendations as a mediator in creating new communication practices. Findings confirm that young adults often choose practices that would enhance their digital representations according to AiRS’ dominant patterns and categories. AiRS impacts individual interpretations and practices and can further affect social and cultural levels.

I.S. Shmelyov’s "Last Supper": the image of bread and wine in the epic "The Sun of the Dead"

The article examines the bread and wine image in the epic "The Sun of the Dead" (1923) by I.S. Shmelyov (1873–1950). The relevance of the research is connected with studying the culinary and gastronomic code represented in the work by the lexical units of the bread series and wine. The topicality is also proved by studying the poetics of the text and determining the role of everyday details in it, thus making it possible to trace the character’s spiritual world and his environment. The article aims to consider how the lexical units bread and wine function in the text of the epic and to identify the specific features of the individual authorial interpretation of these lexemes and their derivatives. The research employs lexico-semantic, contextual methods and partly statical analysis using data from the National Corpus of the Russian Language. It is shown that bread names (khleb, khlebets, khlebushko/khlebushek, khlebniy) are key in the epic and carry an axiological load. Bread is a form of payment, a method and unit of measurement, the highest value. The article concludes that bread turns out to be the centre around which people’s relationships are built and certain aspects of character manifestation, as well as a person’s attitude towards animals (as to a comrade in grief, and not a piece of meat) are depicted. It has been established that bread symbols (for example, future coulibiac/kulebyachka budushchaya, gingerbread/pryanik) can be a way of expressing ethical evaluation. The article also highlights that the motif of transforming wine into blood modifies its sacral function. The Eucharist sacrament is carried out in the reverse order: blood becomes wine. The objective world and the animal world are often depicted allegorically, revealing relationships between people.

Reconsidering normative interpretations in personality research

A vast body of knowledge on development and correlates of personality dimensions has led to recommendations on policy implications and interventions. However, we argue that there has not been enough attention to the socio-cultural contexts of personality development, resulting in incomplete and potentially harmful interpretations of the data. Although personality theorists have addressed the role of socio-cultural context by pointing to person–environment interactions and transactions, we argue that the implementation of contextualism is largely missing at a more fundamental level: In the operationalization of constructs and interpretations of individuals’ standings on those constructs. The focus of this article is on the maturity principle of personality development. We discuss problems that may arise when relying on constructs developed in a specific group (i.e., primarily upper-middle class individuals in the United States) and then using value-laden labels such as “mature” and “healthy” to suggest that one personality profile is better than another. We aim to motivate researchers to not only reflect on using labels suggesting that certain profiles or changes in personality are universally desirable or undesirable, especially without attention to diversity in methods and samples, but also to understand how our values inform how we conduct and communicate our science.

Смеховое начало и комизм в советской кинокомедии 1960–1970-х

The author of the article notes the influence of the research of Russian folklorists and cultural historians on the interpretation of the 20th century art and captures the humanitarian trend towards searching for primarily archetypal situations and images in contemporary art, Soviet film comedy included. The article highlights the importance of the concepts by V. Propp and M. Bakhtin for the current perception of works of art and urges us not to limit ourselves to this, but to place new accents — to look for differences between the ancient and modern worldviews, between the impersonal solutions to dramatic situations and characters types, on the one hand, and the author’s aesthetics and individual interpretations of the world and man, on the other hand. Based on the material of the comedy films by L. Gaidai and E. Ryazanov, the fairy tale film An Ordinary Miracle by M. Zakharov, the author shows how far the artistic messages of these directors are from the archaic concepts of laughter and comedy, from the ideas of carnival freedom and harmony, which, however, does not deny the use of satire drama structures, palliata, and paired archetypical characters. This refers to the cultural layering of the images of Shurik, Nina, Saakhov, and the comical trio of the Coward, the Fool and the Pro. In addition, the article analyses the role of the water element in the comedy The Irony of Fate... and gives a detailed interpretation of the non-normative behaviours of Zhenya Lukashin and Ippolit possessing only external signs of carnivality. Conclusions are drawn about the dramatic heuristicity of laughter in the comedy films by Gaidai and Ryazanov, which had adaptive psychological functions and also contributed to the internal self-reflection of the Soviet audience.

Artists’ books as a qualitative research methodology in multidisciplinary contexts

This practitioner piece outlines a novel method for practice-based research centred on the production of artists’ books. There is growing evidence for the benefits of artists publishing as an alternative route to disseminating academic research (see Bodman, ‘Towards a community of artists’ books’, 2019; Taylor, ‘The artist’s book as collaborative art practice’, 2017; Vieth, ‘The artist’s book challenges academic convention’, 2006). However, there is only limited research to help understand how the unique qualities of the artist’s book as a medium – and the processes and methods used in its creation – can be positioned to scaffold a process of mediating knowledge and hierarchies of practices. The insights from the study have significant benefits beyond art and design where they can be useful in STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) contexts, especially where this involves diverse multidisciplinary groups and specialist/non-specialist participants. The research focused on designing a practice-based method which positions the artist’s book edition as a visual verbatim facsimile. The project’s initiating concept and conceptual anchor centred on the etymology of the prefix ‘re’. As a facsimile, each iterative edition revisits, reuses and reassembles, making visible the traces of individual interpretations and interventions as well as the technologies and materials deployed in the process of collaboration. As shown through the study, the method proposed offers an inclusive collaborative process where progressively more complex relationships are formed and synthesized through subsequent editions. A series of four iterative editions were developed through the study, each following a cyclical method involving three phases: (1) transcription and documentation; (2) constellation and translation; and (3) publication.

UC-stack: a deep learning computer automatic detection system for diabetic retinopathy classification.

Object. The existing diagnostic paradigm for diabetic retinopathy (DR) greatly relies on subjective assessments by medical practitioners utilizing optical imaging, introducing susceptibility to individual interpretation. This work presents a novel system for the early detection and grading of DR, providing an automated alternative to the manual examination.Approach. First, we use advanced image preprocessing techniques, specifically contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization and Gaussian filtering, with the goal of enhancing image quality and module learning capabilities. Second, a deep learning-based automatic detection system is developed. The system consists of a feature segmentation module, a deep learning feature extraction module, and an ensemble classification module. The feature segmentation module accomplishes vascular segmentation, the deep learning feature extraction module realizes the global feature and local feature extraction of retinopathy images, and the ensemble module performs the diagnosis and classification of DR for the extracted features. Lastly, nine performance evaluation metrics are applied to assess the quality of the model's performance.Main results. Extensive experiments are conducted on four retinal image databases (APTOS 2019, Messidor, DDR, and EyePACS). The proposed method demonstrates promising performance in the binary and multi-classification tasks for DR, evaluated through nine indicators, including AUC and quadratic weighted Kappa score. The system shows the best performance in the comparison of three segmentation methods, two convolutional neural network architecture models, four Swin Transformer structures, and the latest literature methods.Significance. In contrast to existing methods, our system demonstrates superior performance across multiple indicators, enabling accurate screening of DR and providing valuable support to clinicians in the diagnostic process. Our automated approach minimizes the reliance on subjective assessments, contributing to more consistent and reliable DR evaluations.

The perception of fungi among Karajá indigenous children and adolescents from Brazil

BackgroundEnvironmental perception involves the interpretation and interaction of individuals with their surroundings, influenced by cultural, social, and individual factors. Analyzing the environmental perception of children and adolescents contributes to fostering awareness and ethical behavior toward the environment. Indigenous communities, such as the Karajá from Brazil, possess significant environmental knowledge due to their connection with nature, providing distinctive insights into biodiversity and natural interconnections. In this study, the perception of fungi among Karajá indigenous children and adolescents was investigated.MethodsThe study involved 229 elementary school students from the Macaúba, Fontoura and Santa Isabel do Morro communities, located on Bananal Island, Brazil. Students were encouraged to draw what they knew about fungi and answer where they learned about fungi and what name they give to these organisms. The drawings were analyzed considering seven categories.ResultsThe term most used to refer to fungi was hedoro(u) (56%), followed by fungus (21%) and mushroom (11%). Most students said they had learned about fungi in nature (38%) and at school (36%). The most represented organisms were in fact fungi (93%), mainly being portrayed in nature (94%). Most participants did not attribute any ecological function to fungi (83%), although 16% of them recognized fungi as decomposers and 1% as phytopathogenic agents. Negative aspects, particularly food contamination, were more frequently represented (13%) than positive aspects (4%). The drawings identified two morphological types: mushrooms (87%) and mold (13%). Among these mushrooms, 68% possibly represent the Amanita muscaria species.ConclusionsAlthough the children and adolescents showed that they noticed the fungi around them, the group’s concept and understanding were limited to the figure of the mushroom and the negative aspects related to food contamination. Strong association of the fungi with the A. muscaria is noteworthy, since it does not occur in the environment in which the participants live, suggesting that external stimuli, such as TV or the internet, can influence their perception more than the nature they are exposed to.

Artificial Intelligence Tools for Improving Manometric Diagnosis of Esophageal Dysmotility.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad term that pertains to a computer's ability to mimic and sometimes surpass human intelligence in interpretation of large datasets. The adoption of AI in gastrointestinal motility has been slower compared to other areas such as polyp detection and interpretation of histopathology. Within esophageal physiologic testing, AI can automate interpretation of image-based tests, especially high resolution manometry (HRM) and functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) studies. Basic tasks such as identification of landmarks, determining adequacy of the HRM study and identification from achalasia from non-achalasia patterns are achieved with good accuracy. However, existing AI systems compare AI interpretation to expert analysis rather than to clinical outcome from management based on AI diagnosis. The use of AI methods is much less advanced within the field of ambulatory reflux monitoring, where challenges exist in assimilation of data from multiple impedance and pH channels. There remains potential for replication of the AI successes within esophageal physiologic testing to HRM of the anorectum, and to innovative and novel methods of evaluating gastric electrical activity and motor function. The use of AI has tremendous potential to improve detection of dysmotility within the esophagus using esophageal physiologic testing, as well as in other regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Eventually, integration of patient presentation, demographics and alternate test results to individual motility test interpretation will improve diagnostic precision and prognostication using AI tools.

Vocal and arranging solutions for broadcasting Kuban Cossack folk songs: methodology and practice

The object of the research is performance as a theoretical and methodological basis for the preservation of folk songs in the modern world. The subject of this work is a variety of tools for translating sources through the use of interpretation through vocal arrangements. The purpose of this study is to find performance techniques for comprehending the folklore of the Kuban Cossack song, illustrative popularization of the real listener through a new reading of the original source. In identifying the substantial foundations of song performance, special attention is focused on the music collections of folklorists V. G. Zakharchenko (born 1938), A. D. Bigdai (1855-1909), G. M. Kontsevich (1863-1937), who made a significant contribution to the foundations of the Kuban Cossack folk singing art. Along with this, the analysis of a wide range of vocal arrangements in the practice of professional and amateur vocalists provides a postulation about the ambiguity of interpolation in the formation of an original reading of folklore documents. The theoretical justification of this study is based on the tactics of analyzing endemic folklore singing concepts in the context of the art history dynamics of modern research. The methodological core of the work identifies the elements of preserving traditional performance through the vocally processed embodiment of Kuban Cossack folk songs. The author's direction has been developed in the complex of the constituent elements of the arranging performance, based on the personality of the vocalist, containing an individual interpretation of the performing plurality. The performing techniques of folklore Cossack sources has been formed. Exceptional accents are identified in the analysis of musical folklore sources (selectively) to establish new technical characteristics of performance. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the genesis of Cossack culture for the author's constructive orientation of ways to preserve and transform musical material to a modern listener. The characteristics of the song material according to the genre-performing component, expressed by the system of mechanisms of performance by vocal-performing solutions, are revealed. The derived orientation of the translation mechanisms opens up new facets of the performance of Kuban Cossack folk songs for the preservation of traditions with multifaceted options for the transformation of folklore documents for subsequent generations.

Interpretable machine learning model for prediction of overall survival in laryngeal cancer

Background: The mortality rates of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cancer (LSCC) have not significantly decreased in the last decades. Objectives: We primarily aimed to compare the predictive performance of DeepTables with the state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) algorithms (Voting ensemble, Stack ensemble, and XGBoost) to stratify patients with LSCC into chance of overall survival (OS). In addition, we complemented the developed model by providing interpretability using both global and local model-agnostic techniques. Methods: A total of 2792 patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database diagnosed with LSCC were reviewed. The global model-agnostic interpretability was examined using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) technique. Likewise, individual interpretation of the prediction was made using Local Interpretable Model Agnostic Explanations (LIME). Results: The state-of-the-art ML ensemble algorithms outperformed DeepTables. Specifically, the examined ensemble algorithms showed comparable weighted area under receiving curve of 76.9, 76.8, and 76.1 with an accuracy of 71.2%, 70.2%, and 71.8%, respectively. The global methods of interpretability (SHAP) demonstrated that the age of the patient at diagnosis, N-stage, T-stage, tumor grade, and marital status are among the prominent parameters. Conclusions: A ML model for OS prediction may serve as an ancillary tool for treatment planning of LSCC patients.